Research Shows Probiotics Prevent Diarrhea

MedPage Today reports on research that shows probiotics prevent diarrhea resulting from the use of antibiotics. Diarrhea is a common side effect that occurs after taking antibiotics; experienced in as many as 30% of patients.

Probiotics are live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gut. They are also called 'friendly bacteria' or 'good bacteria'. You can add these healthy microorganisms to your diet by taking supplements or by eating fermented foods. Learn more about probiotics and fermented foods in our recent post.

What Did The Probiotics Research Show?

The researchers  performed a meta-analysis in which they reviewed multiple studies that have been performed. They analyzed 82 randomly controlled studies on the subject and found a significant reduction in antibiotic-related diarrhea for those patients who received probiotics. Various probiotic strains were used including bacteria and yeasts. All tested strains demonstrated some benefit in preventing diarrhea, with an average reduced risk of 42%.

How Do Probiotics Prevent Diarrhea?

The researchers explain the benefit of probiotics: "Potentially, probiotics maintain or restore gut microecology during or after antibiotic treatment through receptor competition, competition for nutrients, inhibition of epithelial and mucosal adherence of pathogens, introduction of lower colonic pH favoring the growth of nonpathogenic species, stimulation of immunity, or production of antimicrobial substances."

Translation:
Taking probiotics returns good bugs to our gut after antibiotics kill them. They compete against the bad bugs for nutrients and space, so it is harder for the bad bugs to develop into an infection. These healthy bugs also help stimulate our immune system.

Probiotics are basically the opposite of antibiotics. Instead of taking a pill that kills any microorganisms in your body (good or bad), you take a supplement that increases the number of healthy microorganisms that should be in your body. This restores the natural balance and helps the immune system work as it should.

Do Probiotics Benefit Children & Adults?

Most of the research has been performed on adults, but studies on children have also noted significant benefit to using probiotics as well. They are considered to be very safe. One possible risk is when used in neonates that have been born prematurely and have an immune deficiency. Babies should be enjoying the immune enhancing benefits from their mother's breastmilk anyway.

You can enjoy the benefits of probiotics by taking a supplement or eating fermented foods - learn more here.

You may not be familiar with "fermented foods", but you have probably eaten them and enjoyed their probiotic benefits. Yogurt is likely the best known of fermented foods in America, and yogurt makers have recently increased their marketing to educate consumers on the health benefits of probiotics.

What Are Probiotics?

The National Institute of Health defines probiotics as "live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gut. They are also called 'friendly bacteria' or 'good bacteria'."

Our body is swarming with trillions of these bacteria that help our body maintain a balance and stay healthy. A lot of these organisms are in our digestion system to help us digest certain foods. They play an important role in supporting our immune system among other benefits.

What Are Fermented Foods?

Fermented foods are made with bacteria or yeast that consume their sugars and leave behind lactic acid or alcohol. For our purposes, we are primarily talking about fermentation that increases lactic acid content and not alcohol. This increase in lactic acid helps prevent harmful bacteria from growing, which makes the food safer to eat and allows it to be stored longer.

Most cultures around the world include some type of fermented food in their diet. These cultures all found that fermenting foods provides a number of benefits. Fermented foods contain healthy probiotics to keep our digestive system properly balanced, and the process makes certain nutrients easier to digest for us so we can get more out of the food we eat. It also adds a flavorful tang.

Common fermented foods consumed around the world:

• yogurt, cheese, and kefir - fermented from milk
• sauerkraut, pickles, and kimchi - fermented from vegetables
• cider and vinegar - fermented from fruit
• kombucha - fermented from tea
• sourdough bread - fermented from grains

All kinds of food are fermented; even meat and fish. You may not be a fan of fermented fish paste, but many of these foods are quite delicious. They can be made at home, or are becoming easier to find at the grocery store.

What If We Don't Eat Fermented Foods?

We recommend everyone try to include fermented foods in their diet on a regular basis (at least weekly; daily is better). Watch out for two issues:

1. If the food has been pasteurized, any beneficial organisms have been killed so you won't experience the same benefit. Look for non-pasteurized fermented foods.
2. Some fermented foods are further processed to include lots of sugar or other chemicals, so read the ingredient label. Yogurt isn't healthy when it has more sugar per once than a can of pop.

If you don't eat any fermented foods, consider a probiotic supplement. These often come in capsule or liquid form. Similar to the foods, just make sure to check ingredients so the company is not including sugars or other unhealthy junk. These should be taken on a regular basis, but can be especially helpful when noticing digestive issues or infections.

What About Prebiotics?

Prebiotics are indigestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth and maintenance of beneficial gut microbiota. Essentially, it's food that we can't digest, but it feeds healthy bacteria in our gut. While probiotics receive most of the attention, consuming prebiotics are just as important. Soluble fiber from fresh fruits and vegetables serve as prebiotics that feed the healthy organisms in our digestive tract. This is one more reason why its so important to eat lots of fresh fruits and vegetables. Fermented foods are great because they can provide both probiotics and prebiotics in one tasty package.

We should also consider avoiding foods that feed unhealthy bacteria and cause problems with our microbial balance. Limit sugars, artificial sweeteners, and chemicals.

Go out and eat some fermented foods today - your gut will thank you.